Practical Prepping

Practical ways to prepare for the unknown.

Author: Richard Johnson

Comprehensive Guide to Stopping Bleeding in Emergency Situations

Richard Johnson

In a survival or SHTF (“Shit Hits The Fan”) scenario, knowing how to stop bleeding can mean the difference between life and death. This guide is for preppers and those preparing for emergencies, providing practical steps and techniques to control bleeding effectively.

Understanding Types of Bleeding

  1. Capillary Bleeding
    • Description: Slow oozing from small cuts or abrasions.
    • Severity: Minor and usually stops on its own.
  2. Venous Bleeding
    • Description: Steady flow of dark red blood from a vein.
    • Severity: Can be serious but is often controllable with proper techniques.
  3. Arterial Bleeding
    • Description: Spurting bright red blood that corresponds with the heartbeat.
    • Severity: Life-threatening; requires immediate intervention.

Essential Tools for Bleeding Control

Every prepper’s first aid kit should include the following:

  • Sterile gauze pads
  • Pressure bandages
  • Tourniquets (CAT or SOFT-T)
  • Hemostatic agents (e.g., Celox or QuikClot)
  • Medical tape
  • Trauma shears
  • Gloves (latex or nitrile)
  • Antiseptic wipes

Improvised Tools (if first aid kit is unavailable):

  • Clean cloth or clothing
  • Belts, scarves, or shoelaces as makeshift tourniquets
  • Duct tape for securing bandages

Step-by-Step Guide to Stop Bleeding

1. Assess the Situation

  • Stay calm and ensure your safety first.
  • Identify the source of bleeding and determine its severity (capillary, venous, or arterial).
  • Call for emergency help if available.

2. Apply Direct Pressure

  • Use a sterile gauze pad or clean cloth.
  • Press firmly on the wound to slow blood flow and allow clotting.
  • Maintain pressure for at least 5-10 minutes without removing the material.

3. Elevate the Wounded Area

  • Raise the injured limb above the level of the heart to reduce blood flow.
  • Continue applying pressure while elevating.

4. Use a Pressure Bandage

  • Wrap a bandage snugly over the wound and around the limb.
  • Ensure the bandage is tight enough to control bleeding but not so tight that it cuts off circulation.

5. Apply a Tourniquet for Severe Bleeding

  • Place the tourniquet 2-3 inches above the wound (but not over a joint).
  • Tighten it until the bleeding stops completely.
  • Note the time it was applied; prolonged use can cause tissue damage (aim to loosen or remove within 2 hours if possible).

6. Use Hemostatic Agents

  • If available, pack the wound with a hemostatic gauze or powder.
  • Apply direct pressure over the agent to enhance clotting.

7. Monitor for Shock

  • Symptoms: Pale skin, rapid heartbeat, shallow breathing, confusion.
  • Keep the person warm and lying flat.
  • Elevate their legs (unless there’s a spinal injury).

Special Scenarios

Nosebleeds

  • Pinch the soft part of the nose and lean forward.
  • Hold for 10-15 minutes without checking.
  • Avoid tilting the head backward.

Head Wounds

  • Apply pressure gently to avoid pressing on the skull.
  • Watch for signs of brain injury (e.g., loss of consciousness, confusion).

Impaled Objects

  • Do NOT remove the object.
  • Stabilize the object with padding around it.
  • Control bleeding around the wound site.

Preventing Infection

  • Clean the wound thoroughly with water or antiseptic solution.
  • Remove debris or dirt gently.
  • Cover the wound with a sterile dressing.
  • Change dressings daily or when soiled.

Training and Preparedness Tips

  1. Take First Aid and Trauma Courses
    • Enroll in courses that cover bleeding control and wound management.
    • Look for certifications like Stop the Bleed.
  2. Practice Using Equipment
    • Familiarize yourself with tourniquets and hemostatic agents before emergencies arise.
  3. Stockpile First Aid Supplies
    • Build multiple kits for home, vehicles, and bug-out bags.
    • Rotate and replenish supplies as needed.
  4. Plan for Improvised Solutions
    • Understand how to use common household items in emergencies.

When to Seek Professional Medical Attention

  • Bleeding doesn’t stop after 10 minutes of firm pressure.
  • The wound is deep, gaping, or involves muscle or bone.
  • The injured person shows signs of shock.
  • The wound is caused by a dirty object or animal bite (risk of infection).

Final Thoughts

Bleeding control is a vital skill for every prepper and survivalist. In a grid-down or emergency situation, self-reliance could save lives. Regular training and preparation will ensure you’re ready to handle any scenario.

Long Term Water Storage

Richard Johnson

Water is the cornerstone of survival, making long-term water storage a critical component of any prepper’s plan. Whether preparing for natural disasters, societal unrest, or supply chain disruptions, understanding how to store water safely and effectively can make all the difference. This guide will walk you through the essentials of water storage, ensuring you and your family are prepared for any scenario.

Why is Long-Term Water Storage Important?

Water is essential for hydration, cooking, cleaning, and sanitation. The average person needs at least one gallon of water per day for basic needs. In emergencies, access to clean water can be cut off without warning, making it crucial to have a reliable supply stored in advance. Long-term water storage ensures you remain self-sufficient when traditional water sources become unavailable.

Choosing the Right Water Storage Containers

Selecting the right containers is the first step in building a long-term water supply. Here are some options:

  • Food-Grade Plastic Barrels: These are durable, non-reactive, and available in large capacities, such as 55-gallon drums.
  • Water Storage Tanks: Designed specifically for long-term storage, these tanks often come with UV protection and are ideal for outdoor use.
  • Portable Containers: Smaller, BPA-free plastic containers are useful for limited spaces or portability.
  • Glass Containers: While effective, they are heavier and more prone to breaking.
  • Stainless Steel Tanks: Durable and resistant to contamination, but costly.

Tip: Always ensure containers are labeled as “food-grade” or “water-safe” to avoid chemical leaching.

Water Storage Methods and Best Practices

  • Clean and Sanitize Containers: Wash containers with soap and water, followed by a solution of one teaspoon of unscented household bleach per quart of water.
  • Use Clean Water Sources: Fill containers with tap water from a municipal supply or filtered water.
  • Add Water Preservers: To prevent bacterial growth, add water preservatives like sodium hypochlorite or commercially available water treatment solutions.
  • Store in a Cool, Dark Place: Protect water from direct sunlight and extreme temperatures to maintain quality.
  • Label and Rotate: Mark containers with the date of storage and rotate your supply every six months to a year, depending on the storage method.

How Much Water Should You Store?

The general rule is to store at least one gallon of water per person per day for a minimum of two weeks. For larger families or extended emergencies, consider increasing this amount to ensure ample supply for drinking, cooking, and sanitation.

Water Purification Techniques for Preppers

Stored water can sometimes become contaminated. Here’s how to purify it:

  • Boiling: Bring water to a rolling boil for at least one minute to kill pathogens.
  • Chemical Treatment: Use water purification tablets or unscented bleach (8 drops per gallon, 16 for cloudy water) to disinfect.
  • Filtration: Use portable water filters or gravity-fed systems to remove debris, bacteria, and protozoa.
  • UV Treatment: Devices like SteriPEN use ultraviolet light to sterilize water quickly.

Pro Tip: Always have multiple purification methods on hand as a backup.

Rainwater Collection: A Sustainable Option

Rainwater harvesting can supplement your water storage efforts. To collect rainwater effectively:

  • Install gutters and downspouts on your roof.
  • Use a food-grade barrel with a fine mesh screen to filter debris and insects.
  • Check local regulations to ensure compliance with rainwater collection laws.
  • Treat or filter collected water before use.

Emergency Water Sources in a Pinch

If you run out of stored water, look for alternative sources such as:

  • Natural Water Bodies: Streams, rivers, lakes, and ponds can provide water but must be filtered and purified.
  • Household Sources: Water heaters, toilet tanks (non-treated), and ice cubes can serve as emergency supplies.
  • Outdoor Sources: Dew collection using a clean cloth or plastic sheeting can provide small amounts of water.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

  • Using Non-Food-Grade Containers: This can lead to contamination and health issues.
  • Storing in Extreme Conditions: Heat, cold, and sunlight degrade water quality over time.
  • Failing to Rotate Supply: Old water can become stale or unsafe.
  • Neglecting Purification: Even stored water may require treatment before use.

Building a Comprehensive Water Plan

Beyond storage, a robust water plan includes:

  • Inventory Management: Regularly check and replenish supplies.
  • Training: Teach family members how to purify and conserve water.
  • Community Networking: Collaborate with neighbors or prepper groups to share knowledge and resources.

Final Thoughts

Long-term water storage is an essential aspect of prepping that requires careful planning and maintenance. By choosing the right containers, storing water safely, and having purification methods on hand, you can ensure your family’s survival during emergencies. Start small, build your supply, and gain peace of mind knowing you’re prepared for the unexpected.